Recent advances in flame retardant epoxy systems from reactive DOPO–based phosphorus additives

• Reactive DOPO derivatives do not leach during fire use in epoxy products. exhibit dual gas and condensed phase activity. Self–extinguishing smoke suppression are exhibited via aromatic hardeners. Epoxy resins widely applied industry for producing safe materials. Unfortunately, have the disadvantage of being highly flammable thus require suitable modifications with reactive or non-reactive flame retardant additives. Recent literature shown that 9,10–dihydro–9–oxa–10–phosphaphenanthrene–10–oxide (DOPO) most researched retardants resins. Both classes generally endow high thermal stability, non–oxidative character, water resistance excellent retardancy through generation phosphorus based flame-inhibiting species phase. The non–reactive may lead to leaching from resin use. Thus gained importance, where they either directly coupled form monomers a pre-reaction, as curing agent hybrid structure. This review focuses mainly on noteworthy technological advances this area which been published past ten years.